Running the typical web+database server on your VPS, the number is meaningless because typical services do not do long-running sequential writes.
Random reads, random writes, or a combination of both. Databases in particular will pull data from all over your disk - known as random access.
4 kilobyte blocks. Again, databases and many other programs will read very small chunks of data - 4 kilobytes is a good working estimate.
Multiple threads. If your website has multiple visitors, your website will serve them all at the same time. We want our benchmark to simulate this behaviour of multiple things accessing the disk at once
# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
digital ocean 1gb memory 1 cpu
# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=4K-4K/4K-4K/4K-4K, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-2.1.3
Starting 1 process
test: Laying out IO file(s) (1 file(s) / 4096MB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m] [100.0% done] [98470KB/32733KB/0KB /s] [24.7K/8183/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=21312: Wed Sep 13 17:24:42 2017
read : io=3071.7MB, bw=89447KB/s, iops=22361, runt= 35165msec
write: io=1024.4MB, bw=29828KB/s, iops=7457, runt= 35165msec
cpu : usr=8.87%, sys=30.80%, ctx=83527, majf=0, minf=6
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued : total=r=786347/w=262229/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: io=3071.7MB, aggrb=89446KB/s, minb=89446KB/s, maxb=89446KB/s, mint=35165msec, maxt=35165msec
WRITE: io=1024.4MB, aggrb=29828KB/s, minb=29828KB/s, maxb=29828KB/s, mint=35165msec, maxt=35165msec
Disk stats (read/write):
vda: ios=782267/260753, merge=0/8, ticks=473648/1540456, in_queue=2014136, util=99.65%
Random reads, random writes, or a combination of both. Databases in particular will pull data from all over your disk - known as random access.
4 kilobyte blocks. Again, databases and many other programs will read very small chunks of data - 4 kilobytes is a good working estimate.
Multiple threads. If your website has multiple visitors, your website will serve them all at the same time. We want our benchmark to simulate this behaviour of multiple things accessing the disk at once
# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
digital ocean 1gb memory 1 cpu
# fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75
test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=4K-4K/4K-4K/4K-4K, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-2.1.3
Starting 1 process
test: Laying out IO file(s) (1 file(s) / 4096MB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m] [100.0% done] [98470KB/32733KB/0KB /s] [24.7K/8183/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=21312: Wed Sep 13 17:24:42 2017
read : io=3071.7MB, bw=89447KB/s, iops=22361, runt= 35165msec
write: io=1024.4MB, bw=29828KB/s, iops=7457, runt= 35165msec
cpu : usr=8.87%, sys=30.80%, ctx=83527, majf=0, minf=6
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued : total=r=786347/w=262229/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: io=3071.7MB, aggrb=89446KB/s, minb=89446KB/s, maxb=89446KB/s, mint=35165msec, maxt=35165msec
WRITE: io=1024.4MB, aggrb=29828KB/s, minb=29828KB/s, maxb=29828KB/s, mint=35165msec, maxt=35165msec
Disk stats (read/write):
vda: ios=782267/260753, merge=0/8, ticks=473648/1540456, in_queue=2014136, util=99.65%
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